站长们经常会碰到在JSP用request输入的中文显示是乱码,等等一些关于汉字乱码的问题。其实这个问题很简单,管它汉字不汉字,还是日文,还是其他的什么双字节的语言,我们一律把它当作UTF-8看待。
(一)request中的双字节文字
我们来实现在整个应用程序中使用UTF-8编码工作,之所以选择UTF-8不仅仅之于上述原因,我们知道java的就是基于在UTF-8之上的,所以我们选择UTF-8应该没错 首先把我们的.java, .jsp文件都用UTF-8编码来保存,如果以前的没有用UTF-8保存也无所谓,但是建议以后写的都用UTF-8来保存。
并在.jsp里面写:
以下是引用片段: <%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>而不是%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"% |
然后在web.xml添加下面一段:
以下是引用片段: <web-app> ... <filter> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>com.redv.projects.eduadmin.util.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> ... </web-app> |
其中com.redv.projects.eduadmin.util.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter的代码如下:
package com.redv.projects.eduadmin.util.filters;
import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.UnavailableException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
protected String encoding = null; protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null; protected boolean ignore = true; public void destroy() { this.encoding = null; this.filterConfig = null; }
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) { String encoding = selectEncoding(request); if (encoding != null) { request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); // Overrides the name of the character encoding used in the body of this request. This method must be called prior to reading request parameters or reading input using getReader().
} } // Pass control on to the next filter chain.doFilter(request, response); } public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { this.filterConfig = filterConfig; this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding"); String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore"); if (value == null) { this.ignore = true; } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) { this.ignore = true; } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) { this.ignore = true; } else { this.ignore = false; } } protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) { return (this.encoding); } } |
这样,我们的request请求就是以UTT-8编码的,在JSP程序中就可以使用:request.getParameter("myKey")来直接得到UTF-8编码的字符串了,而不需要像这样:new String(request.getParameter("myKey").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "GBK")来解决那些乱码了。
(二)数据库处理的双字节文字
另外一个,就是写入数据库的问题,我们知道我们在使用mysql的时候可以改用这样的url来处理汉字编码问题:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/upas?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gb2312,那么对于那些我们无法像mysql这样解决的怎么办呢?难道我们每次都这样写吗:
import java.sql.*; Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"); Connection con = null; PreparedStatement pstmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "root", ""); pstmt = con.prepareStatement("SELECT f3, f4 FROM tbl1 WHERE f1 = ? AND f2 = ?"); pstmt.setString(1, new String(f1.getBytes("GBK"), "ISO-8859-1"); pstmt.setString(2, new String(f2.getBytes("GBK"), "ISO-8859-1"); rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); String f3, f4; while(rs.next()) { f3 = new String(rs.getString(1).getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "GBK"); f4 = new String(rs.getString(2).getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "GBK"); } } finally { //close resouces ... } |
其实我们完全可以这样写:
import java.sql.*; import com.redv.sql.encoding.*; Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"); Connection con = null; PreparedStatement pstmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "root", ""); //接管数据库连接实例 boolean coding = true; EncodingConnection codingConnection = new EncodingConnection(con, coding, "ISO-8859-1", "GBK");
//获得接管后的数据库连接实例,以后直接使用con已经是经过EncodingConnection重新包装过的实例 con = codingConnection.getConnection(); pstmt = con.prepareStatement("SELECT f3, f4 FROM tbl1 WHERE f1 = ? AND f2 = ?"); pstmt.setString(1, f1); pstmt.setString(2, f2); rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); String f3, f4; while(rs.next()) { f3 = rs.getString(1); f4 = rs.getString(2); } } finally { //close resouces ... } |
看看,怎么样,我们只需要在获取数据库连接的地方稍微修改一下,甚至我们可以把它当作参数保存在 properties里面,改变coding的布尔值来设定是否使用自动编码转换。常常我们可以使用一个Database类来封装获取数据库连接的那段getConnection,以便于我们可以从 javax.sql.DataSource中获取到数据库连接。这个时候我们仅仅需要修改我们的Database类即可,而不用去搜索所有使用了rs.setString(), rs.getString()的地方去加入我们的编码转换代码了。
(责任编辑:admin) |