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把长函数分割会导致效率降低，所以要注意，这个好习惯不要使用过度。这样做可能也会引起阅读性差，跟原来人家是一个整体时没什么区别。
注释代码
注释你的代码有时就像你刚着手写代码一样困难。明确注释内容很棘手，因为他要写出代码要做什么。注释变量是一个好主意。在函数头部注释可能不太明显时，就可以告诉阅读者函数要什么参数，有什么返回以及主要的意图。
通常大家会注释代码是做什么的，但这并不必要。如果代码让人困惑以至于你不得不写注释说它是做什么的，这就提示你应该重写它，使它更好懂。命名良好、更加短小、组织合理的代码习惯会让你的代码用不着注释就拥有很高的可读性。
坏习惯：压根没有或者叽叽歪歪的函数注释 （^_^）
例5的注释只给出了代码在做什么——它的通过循环的遍历、加了个数。但是丢了为什么这么做和要做什么。 这会让别人难以不影响原代码的情形下安全修改的做出修改。
例5 ：压根没胡或者叽叽歪歪的函数注释
<?php
class ResultMessage
{
private $severity;
private $message;
public function __construct($sev, $msg)
{
$this->severity = $sev;
$this->message = $msg;
}
public function getSeverity()
{
return $this->severity;
}
public function setSeverity($severity)
{
$this->severity = $severity;
}
public function getMessage()
{
return $this->message;
}
public function setMessage($msg)
{
$this->message = $msg;
}
}
function cntMsgs($messages)
{
$n = 0;
/* iterate through the messages... */
foreach($messages as $m) {
if ($m->getSeverity() == 'Error') {
$n++; // add one to the result;
}
}
return $n;
}
$messages = array(new ResultMessage("Error", "This is an error!"),
new ResultMessage("Warning", "This is a warning!"),
new ResultMessage("Error", "This is another error!"));
$errs = cntMsgs($messages);
echo("There are " . $errs . " errors in the result.\n");
?>
好习惯： 注释函数和类
例6里的注释标明了类和函数的意图。注释表明方法做了什么和为什么做，这会对将来了解代码的意图很有帮助。环境的变化会需要你进行代码修改，这就会让很容易的知道开始时你代码是做什么的。
例6.好习惯：注释函数和类
<?php
/**
* The ResultMessage class holds a message that can be returned
* as a result of a process. The message has a severity and
* message.
*
* @author nagood
*
*/
class ResultMessage
{
private $severity;
private $message;
/**
* Constructor for the ResultMessage that allows you to assign
* severity and message.
* @param $sev See {@link getSeverity()}
* @param $msg
* @return unknown_type
*/
public function __construct($sev, $msg)
{
$this->severity = $sev;
$this->message = $msg;
}
/**
* Returns the severity of the message. Should be one
* "Information", "Warning", or "Error".
* @return string Message severity
*/
public function getSeverity()
{
return $this->severity;
}
/**
* Sets the severity of the message
* @param $severity
* @return void
*/
public function setSeverity($severity)
{
$this->severity = $severity;
}
public function getMessage()
{
return $this->message;
}
public function setMessage($msg)
{
$this->message = $msg;
}
}
/*
* Counts the messages with the given severity in the array
* of messages.
*
* @param $messages An array of ResultMessage
* @return int Count of messages with a severity of "Error"
*/
function countErrors($messages)
{
$matchingCount = 0;
foreach($messages as $m) {
if ($m->getSeverity() == "Error") {
$matchingCount++;
}
}
return $matchingCount;
}
$messages = array(new ResultMessage("Error", "This is an error!"),
new ResultMessage("Warning", "This is a warning!"),
new ResultMessage("Error", "This is another error!"));
$errs = countErrors($messages);
echo("There are " . $errs . " errors in the result.\n");
?>
异常处理
写健壮应用时经常会提到的异常处理，一般遵循着80/20原则： 80%的代码用于处理异常或者验证，20%的代码没什么实际的用途。原始的代码通常都是在乐观的环境下编写的。这意味着代码可以在数据正常、一切理解的基 础环境中工作的很好。但是这种代码在其生命周期内是脆弱的。在极端的情形中，你得花更多的时间来未很可能永远不会发生的状况编写相应代码。
这个习惯就是要你处理全部的出错情况，而且如果要是不这么做，你的代码永远也完不成。
坏习惯：不处理任何异常
<?php
// Get the actual name of the
function convertDayOfWeekToName($day)
{
$dayNames = array(
"Sunday",
"Monday",
"Tuesday",
"Wednesday",
"Thursday",
"Friday",
"Saturday");
return $dayNames[$day];
}
echo("The name of the 0 day is: " . convertDayOfWeekToName(0) . "\n");
echo("The name of the 10 day is: " . convertDayOfWeekToName(10) . "\n");
echo("The name of the 'orange' day is: " . convertDayOfWeekToName('orange') . "\n");
?>
好习惯： 防守型编程
例8表明处理并抛出异常是一件很有意义的事情。不只是额外的异常处理可以让代码健壮，但是这有助于提高代码的可读性。这种异常处理为原作者查看何时编写提供了一个很好的说明。
例8.好习惯：防守型编程
<?php
/**
* This is the exception thrown if the day of the week is invalid.
* @author nagood
*
*/
class InvalidDayOfWeekException extends Exception { }
class InvalidDayFormatException extends Exception { }
/**
* Gets the name of the day given the day in the week. Will
* return an error if the value supplied is out of range.
*
* @param $day
* @return unknown_type
*/
function convertDayOfWeekToName($day)
{
if (! is_numeric($day)) {
throw new InvalidDayFormatException('The value \'' . $day . '\' is an ' .
'invalid format for a day of week.');
}
if (($day > 6) || ($day < 0)) {
throw new InvalidDayOfWeekException('The day number \'' . $day . '\' is an ' .
'invalid day of the week. Expecting 0-6.');
}
$dayNames = array(
"Sunday",
"Monday",
"Tuesday",
"Wednesday",
"Thursday",
"Friday",
"Saturday");
return $dayNames[$day];
}
echo("The name of the 0 day is: " . convertDayOfWeekToName(0) . "\n");
try {
echo("The name of the 10 day is: " . convertDayOfWeekToName(10) . "\n");
} catch (InvalidDayOfWeekException $e) {
echo ("Encountered error while trying to convert value: " . $e->getMessage() . "\n");
}
try {
echo("The name of the 'orange' day is: " . convertDayOfWeekToName('orange') . "\n");
} catch (InvalidDayFormatException $e) {
echo ("Encountered error while trying to convert value: " . $e->getMessage() . "\n");
}
?>
(责任编辑：admin) |
